Minimum Length Of Wpa Password Crack: Learn How to Use a Dictionary Attack to Hack Wi-Fi Passwords

Modern wireless networks are securely protected with WPA/WPA2. The most frequently used method of securing access to a wireless network is pre-shared passphrase, or, simply put, a text password. The WPA standard enforces the minimum length of 8 characters for all Wi-Fi passwords. Considering the relatively low performance of WPA/WPA2 password attacks, brute force attacks are rarely effective even when performed with a network of GPU-accelerated computers. In this article, I will show how to attack wireless passwords for the purpose of security audit.

Minimum Length Of Wpa Password Crack

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Any systems, regardless of which method is used for identification and/or authentication is susceptible to hacking. Password-protected systems or collection of data (think bank accounts, social networks, and e-mail systems) are probed daily and are subject to frequent attacks carried forward not only through phishing and social engineering methods, but also by means of passwords cracking tools. The debate is always open, and the length vs. complexity issue divides experts and users. Both have pros and cons as well as their own supporters.

Weak and insecure passwords are a security concern and a gateway to breaches that can affect more than just the targeted users. It is important to create keys that strike the right balance between being easy to remember and hard for others (intruders or impostors) to guess, crack or hack.

So is a long password the way to go? Possibly. Lengthy passwords are often associated with an increase in password entropy, which basically is the measure of how much uncertainty there is in a key. An increase in entropy is seen as directly proportional to password strength. Therefore, a lengthy list of easy-to-remember words or a passphrase could be actually more secure than a shorter list of random characters.

Lengthy passwords made of actual words are definitely easier to remember and could help users manage them in more secure way. Problems could arise, however, if users choose words that are too related to each other or too personal; this would open the door for dictionary-based passwords tools to guess the correct sequence even in presence of a larger amount of possible combinations. Using something memorable or familiar (family, pet or street name) even in a password of adequate length and complexity is not practical as it makes it quite vulnerable for discovery by penetrators.

Of course, users need to be also aware that password strength is not all. Risky behaviors like using auto save features in browsers or saving passwords in plaintext in desktop files, for example, will compromise even the strongest password. Falling pray of social engineering tactics would also defeat the purpose of using any strong, impossible-to-crack passwords.

Protection should also granted through measures implemented by system administrators who can use tools to limit the number of password-cracking attempts that can be made before the system denies any access to the data. Requiring another proof of identity to gain access to a resource, something the user has or is, for example, is also an extra protection in addition to the use of passwords. In addition, in a company, regular password auditing will help strengthen the security posture making sure that the complexity and strength of all access passkeys are adequate and that users are prompted to change theirs if found to be too weak.

Users are asked to apply complexity as well as length rules as well as basic security practices in order to minimize the odds of seeing their passwords compromised. Weak password authentication offers no security and is prone to several types of attacks, as mentioned, so ways for strengthening passkeys continue to be researched. Commonly, an extra layer of security is often added. Coupling two-factor authentication, for example, provides a better sense of security to users, as it offers some type of physical or secondary verification.

I'm auditing my network setup and trying to determine an appropriate password length with a random set of digits and numbers. I found a Security Stack exchange answer but it was written in 2012 and wanted to see if the recommendation has changed since then.

-a 3: attack mode 3 - brute-force-m 2500: hash mode WPA-EAPOL-PBKDF2-- increment - number of letter will increment--increment-min 9 - hashcat starts with minimum length 9--increment-max 9 - maximum password length is 9 characters--custom-charset1 - defines lower case letters only (?l)

At LMG we operate from the standpoint that with security it is always less expensive to pay now than to pay later. As you consider how long your password should be, here are some good reasons to increase your minimum password length requirements in your domain password policy and implement strong MFA:

If your organization cannot or will not require a minimum password length of 16-characters, a non-SMS based MFA solution should be universally implemented to reduce the risk of account compromise due to weak passwords. You can also implement authentication throttling, wherein authentication requests that reach a certain configurable capacity within a time window should either be blocked or throttled, reducing the risk of brute-force attacks on exposed interfaces.

Another thing all passwords share is that random characters are not brutally important. The length of a password is generally considered more important than the randomness when it comes to defending against brute force guessing. So, yes, the password "D9fkhu28Fca4c5C9e3cc" is better than passwords such as "5BatteryHorseStaples" or "theSUNwillcomeupinAM" even though they are all 20 characters long. But a sufficiently long password does not need to consist of random gibbersih. It is also important that people are able to say and type the password. No one would want to type the first password. None of the suggested passwords below are random.

The shortest password allowed with WPA2 is 8 characters long. A password of 14 or 15 characters should be long enough to defeat most brute force guessing. 16 would be better. The German government recommends 20 characters as a minimum. WPA2 passwords can be up to 63 characters long.

In October 2021, Ido Hoorvitch1 of CyberArk walked around his neighborhood and sniffed information from 5,000 thousand Wi-Fi networks. He took this data back to his office and, using hashcat and other software, was able to calculate the password for 70 percent of the Wi-Fi networks. He abused a relatively new Wi-Fi attack on WPA2 Personal. The attack is based on recording the SSID, the hash of the PMKID, the MAC address of the router and the MAC address of a router client. A PMKID is used for roaming between Access Points. If you have a single router, there is no need for a PMKID, yet it was often present. The cracked passwords were often just numbers or just lower case letters. The lesson to be learned is that longer passwords and varied passwords are more resistant to this brute force attack. He did not say if it the attack will work on WPA2 Enterprise or WPA3. He offered no advice on determining if your router is broadcasting a PMKID. See also 70% of Wi-Fi networks are easy to hack - how to protect yourself by Paul Wagenseil.

To get a feel for how bad guys crack Wi-Fi passwords, see How I cracked my neighbors WiFi password without breaking a sweat by Dan Goodin (August 2012). Even back in 2012, guessing every possible 8-character password was a do-able thing. One eight-character password was hard to guess because it was a lower-case letter, followed two numbers, followed by five more lower-case letters with no discernible pattern. That is, it didn't spell any word either forwards or backwards. Resisting the temptation to use a human-readable word made the guessing much harder.

As described in a recent report, Hive found that an 8-character complex password could be cracked in just 39 minutes if the attacker were to take advantage of the latest graphics processing technology. A seven-character complex password could be cracked in 31 seconds, while one with six or fewer characters could be cracked instantly. Shorter passwords with only one or two character types, such as only numbers or lowercase letters, or only numbers and letters, would take just minutes to crack.

Due to the progress in graphics technology, most types of passwords require less time to crack than they did just two years ago. For example, a 7-character password with letters, numbers and symbols would take 7 minutes to crack in 2020 but just 31 seconds in 2022. Given these advances in technology, how can you and your organization better secure your password-protected accounts and data? Here are a few tips.

The lesson here is that while adding numbers increases the strength, the passwords get a greater strength increase through even a small increase in length. A larger increase in length creates an enormous difference for creating difficult passwords. As a rule of thumb, each bit corresponds to doubling the number of possible options (and so doubling the amount of work an attacker needs to do).

This makes the 16 character, letters-only password (91 bits) 8 million times harder to guess than the 12-character (68 bits) one, while the 12-character password with numbers (71 bits) is only eight times harder to crack than the letters-only one.

A four-word passphrase (56 bits) is strong enough for the password that you use to log into 1Password because we hash it well. We estimate that it would cost an attacker about $76 million USD to crack that.

On average, it takes a hacker about two seconds to crack an 11-character password that uses only numbers. Throw in some upper- and lower-case letters, and it will take a hacker one minute to hack into a seven-character password.

Cybercriminals use sophisticated software that can run thousands of password combinations a minute, and their tools are only getting better. A general rule is that your password should be at least 11 characters and use numbers, along with upper and lowercase letters. That combination will take hackers 41 years to crack. 2ff7e9595c